Binary values containing 32 or 64 bytes are encoded as base-58 string, because they are usually Solana’s pubkey or keypair. Other lengths are encoded with base-64.
32-bytes binary
A binary sequence, exactly 32-bytes long. Encoded as a base-58 string.
64-bytes binary
A binary sequence, exactly 64-bytes long. Encoded as a base-58 string.
Other length
Binary values with other length are encoded as base-64 strings.
Array
Array contains zero or more elements, each element is another value.
e.g. an array contains an integer 10 and a string "Hello":